'Hi Sally, it's John. I'm afraid that I won't be able to come into work today.'
Sally:
'Why? Are you feeling OK?'
John:
'No, I am not. I'm feeling really ill. I've got a terrible headache, my throat is very sore and my nose is blocked. I was coughing all night, so my wife hasn't slept because of the noise.'
Sally:
'You looked tired yesterday.'
John:
'I didn't feel well yesterday. I was sweating in the office. I thought I was sweating because of the heating being high. But that wasn't the reason.'
Sally:
'It sounds like a cold. Three other people in the office already have this illness at the moment.'
John:
'I don't think I have a cold.'
Sally:
'Have you checked your temperature? Do you have a fever?'
John:
'No I don't have a high temperature, So I don't think I have flu, which is also a common illness at this time of year. It got a lot worse last night, at first I had a bad stomach ache and a headache. So I thought that it was something that I had eaten, that I had food poisoning. But, my stomach is OK now and I haven't been sick or had diarrhoea.
When I woke up this morning, my head hurt like somebody had hit me over the head with a stick. And all my muscles are aching. A continuous soft pain. I also feel a bit confused and dizzy, the room seems to be moving around when I stand up.'
Sally:
'You don't sound well at all. You need to stay in bed and rest.'
John:
'I think I will. But I'm going to the doctor's later.'
Sally:
'Don't worry, let me know how you are tomorrow. Take care of yourself.'
List of Health Problems
The following is a list of common health problems (ailments and illnesses) with the definition of each word or expression:
an allergy: a medical condition that causes you to react badly or feel sick when you eat or touch a particular substance.
asthma: a respiratory condition where spasms in the lungs cause difficulty in breathing. An asthmatic uses an inhaler to calm the spasms.
a backache: a prolonged pain in the back.
a broken leg: when a bone in the leg is broken. A broken leg is put in a cast to help immobilize the leg so that it heals quicker. Other parts of the body with bones can also be broken, for example a broken arm, a broken wrist etc.
a cold: a common viral infection which causes mucus to run from the nose, gives a sore throat and often includes sneezing.
a cough: the act of expelling air from the lungs with a sudden sharp sound.
diarrhoea: (America English: diarrhea) an illness in which faeces are discharged from the bowels frequently and in a liquid form.
an earache: pain inside the ear.
a fever: an abnormally high body temperature, usually accompanied by shivering and a headache.
a headache: a continuous pain in the head.
heartburn: a form of indigestion felt as a burning sensation in the chest. It is caused by acid regurgitation into the esophagus.
a rash: a lot of small red spots on the skin that are usually itchy.
a sore throat: a condition of pain in the throat, typically caused by inflammation of it.
a sprain: an injury to a joint in your body, especially your wrist or ankle, caused by suddenly twisting it.
a stomachache : The pain in a person's belly. Notice how the word can be spelled together or as two words, depending on the country.
a toothache: the pain in a tooth or teeth.
The difference between sick and ill
To most people, both sick and ill more or less mean the same thing, that you are not in a healthy condition.
Sick is less formal than ill and usually describes short-term ailments or diseases (like a cold or cough). Sick can also refer to feeling nauseous. In British English, to be sick can mean to vomit.
Ill is often for more serious health problems (like cancer or pneumonia) but can also be used for short-term ones.
Illness (noun) refers to a medical condition. Sickness (noun) refers to how you feel.
The difference between ache and pain
ACHE is a continuous or prolonged dull pain in a part of the body. It can often be a throbbing sensation that covers more than one point. You can sometimes try and ignore an ache.
PAIN is physical suffering or discomfort caused by illness or injury. It is usually a sharp sensation in a specific part of the body and hurts more than an ache.
The most common ways to ask about someone's health are:
How do you feel (today)?
How are you feeling?
Is everything okay?
They will most likely respond:
I'm fine.
I feel sick.
Not so good.
Not very well.
I don't feel well.
I'm sick.
When you see (or hear) that they are not well, then you can ask:
What's the matter?
What's wrong?
If the person wants to say what is wrong, they may give the reason they feel that way:
I have ... (+ health condition)
I've got ... (+ health condition)
I have a headache
I've got a sore throat.
Modals: must and must'nt
In English we use must and mustn't to refer to obligations, either in the present or in the future.
MUST is a modal verb that is mainly used to express obligation
APPLICATIONS
We use the modal verb must to express:
1. Obligation
It is used to express obligation that is imposed by the speaker or the one who writes the sentence. Furthermore, the obligation with must has future intent.
I must write an e-mail to my cousin(debo escribir un e-mail a a mi primo) →It is something that I impose on myself. I haven't done it yet, he has future intentions.
I must wear uniform at work (tengo que usar uniforme en el trabajo) → It is something that is imposed on me at work, it is a royalty.
2. Moral duty
You must respect your parents (debes respetar a tus padres)
How to use them
Must means 'Do it!' If you don't do it, you will be in trouble.
You must listen to the teacher.
Mustn't means 'Don't do it!' If you do it, you will be in trouble.
We mustn't forget our books.
Use the infinitive without to after must and mustn't.
Children must respect their parents.
Parents must take care of their children.
You mustn't shout in the library.
Excercice:
1 Liza looks so tired today. She _____ be sick.
a.must b.need c.mustn’t
2 This is private property. You _____ enter here.
a.needn’t b.mustn’t c.must
3 I don’t have any money. We ____ go to the bank now.
a.must b.need c.mustn’t
4 Mike is a nice man. You ____ meet him.
a.need b.needn’t c.must
5 This game is very important for our team. We ____ win this.
a.must b.need c.mustn’t
6 You ____ come to work tomorrow; it’s a holiday.
a.must b.needn’t c.need
7 Everyone ____ come to work today. The CEO will be visiting our office.
a.must b.need c.needn’t
8 Tomorrow is Saturday; we don’t have classes. We ____ do our homework today.
a.mustn’t b.needn’t c.must
9 In the library, you ____ stay quiet.
a.must b.mustn’t c.needn’t
10 We still have more time left. You ____ be in a hurry.
a.need b.mustn’t c.needn’t
ANSWERS: 1 a, 2 b, 3 a, 4 c, 5 a, 6 b, 7 a, 8 b, 9 a, 10 c
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